Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *ŏ̀k`à

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sharp point, notch

Russian meaning: острие, зазубрина

Turkic: *ok

Mongolian: *(h)oki

Tungus-Manchu: *ok-

Japanese: *àkuàjaì

Comments: Poppe 98, 134, KW 284. The morphological structure of Jpn. is not quite clear (perhaps some old compound is reflected); this, together with rather scarce representation in TM, makes the reconstruction not quite reliable. Note that the Jpn. form may also continue PA *ā̀gV q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *òk`è

Meaning: to grieve, be angry

Russian meaning: горевать, сердиться

Turkic: *ökün-

Mongolian: *uki-la-

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)ukt-

Japanese: *ǝ̀kǝ̀-r-

Comments: Cf. *uk`e (with possible contaminations).

Proto-Altaic: *ò[k`]è

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wife, female

Russian meaning: женщина, самка

Turkic: *ög (*ök)

Mongolian: *oki-n / *öki-n

Tungus-Manchu: *uKu-

Japanese: *ǝ̀ku

Comments: Цинциус 1972a, 31-32, Дыбо 7. Voiced -g in OT is not quite clear; otherwise correspondences are regular.

Proto-Altaic: *ok`V

Meaning: coire

Russian meaning: coire

Mongolian: *(h)ok-

Tungus-Manchu: *oxa-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *oĺa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of grass

Russian meaning: вид травы

Turkic: *oĺ-

Mongolian: *(h)ulalǯi

Japanese: *asi

Comments: A possible comparison, but the Turkic reflexes are rather sparse and somewhat dubious.

Proto-Altaic: *óĺa ( ~ u-, i̯-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ford, shallow place

Russian meaning: брод, мелкое место

Mongolian: *(h)olam

Tungus-Manchu: *ola-

Japanese: *ásá-

Comments: Poppe 98. TMN 1, 178, Doerfer MT 25, Rozycki 167 consider Mo < TM, which is dubious.

Proto-Altaic: *ŏli ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to die; to be hungry, exhausted

Russian meaning: умирать; быть голодным, истощенным

Turkic: *öl-

Mongolian: *öl-

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)olbu-

Comments: A Western isogloss. See EAS 146, KW 295, Poppe 108 (but the Evk. form that he lists is probably < Mong.), TMN 2, 112, АПиПЯЯ 281, Дыбо 13; see further Nostratic parallels (Ural. *welV et al.) in МССНЯ, 367.

Proto-Altaic: *oĺi ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: chest bone, collar bone

Russian meaning: грудная кость, ключица

Turkic: *öĺün

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)uli-n

Comments: Лексика 241-242. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *óligV ( ~ u-)

Meaning: female (of animals), pig

Russian meaning: самка (животных), свинья

Turkic: *Vlagŕɨn

Mongolian: *ölögčin

Tungus-Manchu: *uligan

Comments: A Western isogloss. Somewhat dubious because of the possibly borrowed nature of the OT word.

Proto-Altaic: *olu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be startled, annoyed

Russian meaning: пугаться, раздражаться

Turkic: *ol-

Mongolian: *(h)ul-, *(h)ül-

Tungus-Manchu: *ola-

Japanese: *uru-sa-

Comments: A common derivative *olu-bV is reflected in Mong. *ul-ba-ji- and TM *ol-ba-n-.

Proto-Altaic: *ŏ́mu

Meaning: hip; back part, buttocks

Russian meaning: бедро; задняя часть, ягодицы

Turkic: *omV-

Mongolian: *(h)omu-

Tungus-Manchu: *omga

Korean: *òmìnòi

Comments: PTM and PT probably reflect a common derivative *ŏ́mu-kV. The meaning 'buttocks' in Mong. gave rise to two widely separated semantic reflexes: a) > 'large intestine'; b) > 'back' > 'North'.

Proto-Altaic: *omuŕV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: shoulder, collar bone

Russian meaning: плечо, ключица

Turkic: *omuŕ

Mongolian: *omur-

Comments: Poppe 68, Колесникова 1972а, 93-94, Дыбо 308; Лексика 241. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss, but, despite Щербак 1997, 129, not a loanword in Mong. < Turk.

Proto-Altaic: *óŋdu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of small wild animal

Russian meaning: вид мелкого дикого животного

Turkic: *utɨŕ

Tungus-Manchu: *oŋda

Korean: *òńắrí

Japanese: *uni

Comments: An alternative match for PT could be Evk. hatala 'beaver' (ТМС 1, 384).

Proto-Altaic: *òŋè

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: exterior, front

Russian meaning: внешняя сторона, перед

Turkic: *öŋ / *oŋ

Mongolian: *öŋge

Japanese: *ǝ̀mǝ̀

Comments: EAS 154, Poppe 107 (Turk.-Mong.). Щербак 1997, 131 treats the Mong. word as borrowed from Turk., which is hardly the case. In the Turk.-Mong. area the root could have interacted with *ā̀ŋo `right' (sometimes also acquiring the meaning 'front') q. v.; note also the common Mong. derivative eŋge-sge `rouge, red paint' ( < `face skin').

Proto-Altaic: *òŋi(čV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: windpipe, part of neck

Russian meaning: дыхательное горло, часть шеи

Turkic: *öŋüč

Mongolian: *öŋgül-

Tungus-Manchu: *uŋ-se, *uŋnu-

Japanese: *ùnà(-nsi)

Comments: KW 297, Лексика 233.

Proto-Altaic: *ŏ́ŋke

Meaning: (abundant) food, pasture

Russian meaning: (обильная) пища, пастбище

Mongolian: *(h)öŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *oŋka

Japanese: *ǝ́nkǝ́-r-

Comments: Jpn. ógór- 'be arrogant' = Mong. oŋgira- (a variant of the same root?).

Proto-Altaic: *oŋne

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: same, self; lonely

Russian meaning: тот самый, сам; одинокий

Turkic: *öŋ

Mongolian: *önü-

Japanese: *ǝnǝ

Comments: Ozawa 62-63. The original meaning should be probably reconstructed as "self", with a further development > "lonely" (Mong. "orphan"), typologically a frequent case (cf. Polish sam - samotny etc.), whence Old Turkic "desolate, deserted".

Proto-Altaic: *op`á(rV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to wear out, be wasted, have a bad {look}

Russian meaning: изнашиваться, стареть, плохо выглядеть

Turkic: *op-ra-

Mongolian: *(h)obur

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)upara-

Japanese: *ampu-

Comments: Cf. *àpo, *ebí.

Proto-Altaic: *ŏ̀p`ekV

Meaning: lung(s)

Russian meaning: легкие

Turkic: *öpke

Mongolian: *owuski ~ *awuski

Tungus-Manchu: *upVkte

Korean: *púhóa

Japanese: *pùkùpùkùsi

Comments: Дыбо 5, Лексика 277.

Proto-Altaic: *op`V

Meaning: powder

Russian meaning: порошок

Turkic: *opa

Mongolian: *(h)ow

Tungus-Manchu: *upa

Comments: EAS 90, Владимирцов 210. A Western isogloss. Despite TMN 1, 182, Doerfer MT 142, Rozycki 215-216 not borrowed in Mong. from Turk. or in TM from Mong.